IGRP (Protocolo de Enrutamiento de Gateway Interior), desarrollado por Cisco System, es un protocolo de enrutamiento por vector de distancia que usa una métrica compuesta basada en diferentes variables de red, como ancho de banda, unidades máximas de transmisión (MTU), confiabilidad, etc. Envía actualizaciones de las tablas de enrutamiento cada 90 segundos.
Fue diseñado para corregir algunos de los defectos de RIP y para proporcionar un mejor soporte para redes grande con enlaces de diferentes anchos de banda.
IGRP es un protocolo de enrutamiento basado en vectores de distancia desarrollado por CISCO, sus ventajas son:
Escalabilidad mejorada: Enrutamiento en redes m疽 grandes, posee un n伹ero m痊imo predeterminado de 100 saltos, aunque puede ser configurado con hasta 255 saltos.
Métrica sofisticada: M騁rica compuesta que proporciona una mayor flexibilidad en la selección de rutas. Se usa el retraso de interconexión y el ancho de banda y se pueden incluir otros parámetros como la fiabilidad, la carga y la MTU.
Soporte de m伃tiples rutas: IGRP puede mantener hasta un máximo de seis rutas de coste diferente entre redes de origen y destino. Se pueden usar varias rutas para aumentar el ancho de banda disponible o para conseguir redundancia de rutas. IGRP permite actualizaciones desencadenadas.
Router(config)#router igrp 100
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 200.200.1.0
Router(config-router)#variance 2
<1-128> Metric variance multiplier
Router(config-router)#variance 2
Router(config-router)#traffic-share ?
balanced Share inversely proportional to metric
min All traffic shared among min metric paths
router igrp 100 especifica a IGRP como protocolo de enrutamiento para el sistema autónomo 100, este valor varia de 1 a 65535.
network específica las redes directamente conectadas al router que serán anunciadas por IGRP.
variance (opcional)configura el equilibrado de carga de coste desigual definiendo la diferencia entre la m騁rica tima y la peor m騁rica aceptable.
variance[multiplicador] (opcional)especifica el rango de valores de m騁rica que ser疣 aceptadas para el equilibrado de la carga.
traffic-share[balanced|min] (opcional)controla la forma en que debe distribuirse el trafico entre rutas de comparaci de carga IGRP.
Balanced = El trafico se distribuye proporcionalmente a las relaciones entre las distintas m騁ricas.
Min = Especifica que deben usarse las rutas de coste m匤imo.
A continuaci se copia un show ip protocols, observe el tiempo de actualizaci (90segundos), las constantes K1 y K3 ancho de banda y retaso usadas por defecto como m騁rica, la cantidad de saltos por defecto 100, y tres redes asociadas.
PRACTICA 5 PROTOCOLO IGRP
ROUTER TIJUANA
Press Enter to Start
Router>
Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname tijuana
tijuana(config)#int e0
tijuana(config-if)#ip address 192.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
tijuana(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
tijuana(config-if)#exit
tijuana(config)#int s0
tijuana(config-if)#ip address 172.10.1.1 255.255.0.0
tijuana(config-if)#clock rate 64000
tijuana(config-if)#bandwidth 64
tijuana(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
tijuana(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down
tijuana(config)#int s1
tijuana(config-if)#ip address 175.10.1.2 255.255.0.0
tijuana(config-if)#clock rate 64000
tijuana(config-if)#bandwith 64
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
tijuana(config-if)#bandwidth 64
tijuana(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
tijuana(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down
tijuana(config)#router igrp 100
tijuana(config-router)#network 192.168.70.1
tijuana(config-router)#network 172.10.1.1
tijuana(config-router)#network 175.10.1.2
tijuana(config-router)#variance 2
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
tijuana(config-router)#variance2
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
tijuana(config-router)#variance
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
tijuana(config-router)#variance 2
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
tijuana(config-router)#exit
tijuana(config)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to up
tijuana#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 172.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
I 193.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 172.10.1.2, 00:06:32, Serial0
I 173.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 172.10.1.2, 00:04:31, Serial0
C 175.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
I 195.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 175.10.1.1, 00:04:12, Serial1
I 174.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 175.10.1.1, 00:02:20, Serial1
I 194.168.70.0/24 [100/1040] via 175.10.1.1, 00:02:29, Serial1
tijuana#ping 194.168.70.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 194.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
tijuana#ping 195.168.70.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 195.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
tijuana#ping 193.168.70.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 193.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
tijuana#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "igrp 100"
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 48 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 100
Routing for Networks:
192.168.70.0
172.10.0.0
175.10.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
172.10.1.2 100 00:00:03
175.10.1.1 100 00:00:06
Distance: (default is 100)
ROUTER OAXACA
Press Enter to Start
Router>
Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname oaxaca
oaxaca(config)#int e0
oaxaca(config-if)#ip address 193.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
oaxaca(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
oaxaca(config-if)#exit
oaxaca(config)#int s0
oaxaca(config-if)#ip address 172.10.1.2 255.255.0.0
oaxaca(config-if)#clock rate 64000
oaxaca(config-if)#bandwidth 64
oaxaca(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
oaxaca(config-if)#exit
oaxaca(config)#int s1
oaxaca(config-if)#ip address 173.10.1.1 255.255.0.0
oaxaca(config-if)#clock rate 64000
oaxaca(config-if)#bandwidth 64
oaxaca(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
oaxaca(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down
oaxaca(config)#router igrp 100
oaxaca(config-router)#network 193.168.70.1
oaxaca(config-router)#network 172.10.1.2
oaxaca(config-router)#network 173.10.1.1
oaxaca(config-router)#variance 2
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
oaxaca(config-router)#exit
oaxaca(config)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to up
oaxaca#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 193.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 172.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
I 192.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 172.10.1.1, 00:02:41, Serial0
C 173.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
I 194.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 173.10.1.2, 00:01:42, Serial1
I 174.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 173.10.1.2, 00:04:41, Serial1
I 175.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 172.10.1.1, 00:05:15, Serial0
I 195.168.70.0/24 [100/1040] via 173.10.1.2, 00:02:23, Serial1
oaxaca#ping 195.168.70.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 195.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
oaxaca#ping 194.168.70.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 194.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
oaxaca#ping 192.168.70.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
oaxaca#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "igrp 100"
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 29 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 100
Routing for Networks:
193.168.70.0
172.10.0.0
173.10.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
172.10.1.1 100 00:00:00
173.10.1.2 100 00:00:00
Distance: (default is 100)
oaxaca#
ROUTER VERACRUZ
Press Enter to Start
Router>
Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname veracruz
veracruz(config)#int e0
veracruz(config-if)#ip address 194.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
veracruz(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
veracruz(config-if)#exit
veracruz(config)#int s0
veracruz(config-if)#ip address 174.10.1.1 255.255.0.0
veracruz(config-if)#clock rate 64000
veracruz(config-if)#bandwidth 64
veracruz(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
veracruz(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down
veracruz(config)#int s1
veracruz(config-if)#ip address 173.10.1.2 255.255.0.0
veracruz(config-if)#clock rate 64000
veracruz(config-if)#bandwidth 64
veracruz(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
veracruz(config-if)#exit
veracruz(config)#exit
veracruz#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
veracruz(config)#router igrp 100
veracruz(config-router)#network 194.168.70.1
veracruz(config-router)#network 174.10.1.1
veracruz(config-router)#network 173.10.1.2
veracruz(config-router)#exit
veracruz(config)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up
veracruz#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 194.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 173.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
I 193.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 173.10.1.1, 00:02:38, Serial1
I 172.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 173.10.1.1, 00:08:20, Serial1
C 174.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
I 195.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 174.10.1.2, 00:03:30, Serial0
I 175.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 174.10.1.2, 00:09:41, Serial0
I 192.168.70.0/24 [100/1040] via 174.10.1.2, 00:07:13, Serial0
veracruz#ping 192.168.70.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
veracruz#ping 193.168.70.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 193.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
veracruz#ping 195.168.70.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 195.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
veracruz#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "igrp 100"
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 66 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 100
Routing for Networks:
194.168.70.0
174.10.0.0
173.10.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
173.10.1.1 100 00:00:03
174.10.1.2 100 00:00:03
Distance: (default is 100)
veracruz#
ROUTER MONTERREY
Press Enter to Start
Router>
Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname monterrey
monterrey(config)#int e0
monterrey(config-if)#ip address 195.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
monterrey(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
monterrey(config-if)#exit
monterrey(config)#int s0
monterrey(config-if)#ip address 174.10.1.2 255.255.0.0
monterrey(config-if)#clock rate 64000
monterrey(config-if)#bandwidth 64
monterrey(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
monterrey(config-if)#exit
monterrey(config)#int s1
monterrey(config-if)#ip address 175.10.1.1 255.255.0.0
monterrey(config-if)#clock rate 64000
monterrey(config-if)#bandwidth 64
monterrey(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
monterrey(config-if)#exit
monterrey(config)#router igrp 100
monterrey(config-router)#network 195.168.70.1
monterrey(config-router)#network 174.10.1.2
monterrey(config-router)#netwrok 175.10.1.1
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
monterrey(config-router)#network 175.10.1.1
monterrey(config-router)#exit
monterrey(config)#exit
monterrey#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 195.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 174.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
C 175.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
I 194.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 174.10.1.1, 00:02:22, Serial0
I 173.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 174.10.1.1, 00:04:25, Serial0
I 192.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 175.10.1.2, 00:03:43, Serial1
I 172.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 175.10.1.2, 00:05:20, Serial1
I 193.168.70.0/24 [100/1081] via 175.10.1.2, 00:03:36, Serial1
monterrey#ping 192.168.70.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
monterrey#ping 193.168.70.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 193.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
monterrey#ping 194.168.70.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 194.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
monterrey#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "igrp 100"
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 11 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 100
Routing for Networks:
195.168.70.0
174.10.0.0
175.10.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
174.10.1.1 100 00:00:06
175.10.1.2 100 00:00:06
Distance: (default is 100)
monterrey#
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