R00T 1NF0RM4T1C0: 2010

sábado, 18 de diciembre de 2010

jueves, 25 de noviembre de 2010

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

EIGRP (Protocolo de Enrutamiento de Gateway Interior Mejorado), protocolo mixto basado en IGRP, basado en una métrica de vector distancia, pero que manda actualizaciones de las entradas de las tablas que han cambiado por haber sido alterado el estado de alguna máquina de su red.

Contrariamente a RIP y a OSPF, que son estándares, este es un protocolo creado por CISCO que toma las ventajas de los dos primeros. En principio, la métrica de este protocolo es compuesta, ya que tiene en cuenta no sólo el ancho de banda, sino también la congestión, el delay y la confiabilidad de cada enlace.

Como mejora fundamental agrega, en el momento de calcular cada ruta, la posibilidad de calcular también una Ruta de Backup, de manera de poder utilizarla inmediatamente al enterarse de un cambio de topología o una caída. Esto le brinda una convergencia mucho más rápida que el OSPF.

Su desventaja es que, en principio, es un protocolo propietario, aunque esto podría llegar a ser un punto de discusión muy filosófico, porque en todo caso, cada vez es más difícil encontrar la frontera entre lo propietario y lo estándar (a nadie se le ocurriría decir que lo que proponga CISCO en materia de Redes sea algo a considerar como “no estándar”). De cualquier manera, al presente, el EIGRP ya posee varios RFCs (Request For Comments), que son los documentos iniciales mediante los cuales se estandarizan las reglas de la Internet.

Ventajas del EIGRP

Convergencia rápida. EIGRP usa Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) para alcanzar rápida convergencia. Un router usando EIGRP almacena todas las posibles rutas de respaldo para el destino, de tal forma que puede adaptarse rápidamente a rutas alternativas. Si no hay una ruta apropiada o una ruta de respaldo en la tabla de routing local, EIGRP solicita a sus vecinos descubrir una ruta alternativa. EIGRP transmite esta solicitud hasta que encuentra una alternativa ruta.

Uso reducido del Ancho de Banda. EIGRP no realiza actualizaciones periódicas. En ves de eso, este envía una actualización parcial cual el camino o la métrica a cambiado para la ruta. Cuando la información de camino a cambiado, DUAL envía una actualización solo del enlace mas que la tabla entera. DUAL envía la info solo a los routers que lo requieren, en contraste al protocolo Link-State, el cual un update es transmitido a todos los routers Link-State dentro de un área.

Conectividad a través de todos los protocolos de capa de enlaces de datos y topologías. EIGRP no requiere configuración especial para trabajar con protocolos de capa 2. OSPF usa diferentes configuraciones para diferentes protocolos de capa 2, tal como Ethernet y Frame Relay. Comandos que son únicos en EIGRP te ayudan a limitar la cantidad de ancho de banda que EIGRP usas sobre enlaces WAN.

Configuración del protocolo EIGRP

Como se trata de un protocolo propietario que sólo es implementado en los routeres de Cisco es posible detallar aquí la forma de realizar una configuración básica de EIGRP.

1. Use lo siguiente para habilitar EIGRP y definir el sistema autónomo:

router(config)#router eigrp autonomous-system-number

El número de sistema autónomo se usa para identificar todos los routers que pertenecen a la internetwork. Este valor debe coincidir para todos los routers dentro de la internetwork.

2. Indique cuáles son las redes que pertenecen al sistema autónomo EIGRP en el router local mediante la siguiente orden:

router(config-router)#network network-number

Network-number es el número de red que determina cuáles son las interfaces del router que participan en EIGRP y cuáles son las redes publicadas por el router. La orden network configura sólo las redes conectadas. Por ejemplo, la red 3.1.0.0, que se encuentra en el extremo izquierdo de la Figura principal, no se encuentra directamente conectada al router A. Como consecuencia, esa red no forma parte de la configuración del Router A.

3. Al configurar los enlaces seriales mediante EIGRP, es importante configurar el valor del ancho de banda en la interfaz. Si el ancho de banda de estas interfaces no se modifica, EIGRP supone el ancho de banda por defecto en el enlace en lugar del verdadero ancho de banda. Si el enlace es más lento, es posible que el router no pueda converger, que se pierdan las actualizaciones de encaminamiento o se produzca una selección de rutas por debajo de la óptima. Para establecer el ancho de banda para la interfaz, aplique la siguiente sintaxis:

router(config-if)#bandwidth kilobits

Sólo el proceso de encaminamiento utiliza la orden bandwidth y es necesario configurar la orden para que coincida con la velocidad de línea de la interfaz. 4. Cisco también recomienda agregar la siguiente orden a todas las configuraciones EIGRP:

router(config-router)#eigrp log-neighbor-changes

Esta orden habilita el registro de los cambios de adyacencia de vecinos para monitorear la estabilidad del sistema de encaminamiento y para ayudar a detectar problemas.

PRACTICA 6 EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

CONFIGURACION EIGRP

TIJUANA

Press Enter to Start

Router>
Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname tijuana
tijuana(config)#int e0
tijuana(config-if)#ip address 192.168.70.1
% Incomplete command.
tijuana(config-if)#ip address 192.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
tijuana(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
tijuana(config-if)#exit
tijuana(config)#int s0
tijuana(config-if)#ip address 172.10.1.1 255.255.0.0
tijuana(config-if)#clock rate 64000
tijuana(config-if)#bandwidth 64
tijuana(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
tijuana(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down
tijuana(config)#int s1
tijuana(config-if)#ip address 175.10.1.2 255.255.0.0
tijuana(config-if)#clock rate 64000
tijuana(config-if)#bandwidth 64
tijuana(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
tijuana(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to up
tijuana(config)#
tijuana(config)#router eigrp 100
tijuana(config-router)#network 192.168.70.1
tijuana(config-router)#network 172..10.1.1
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
tijuana(config-router)#network 172.10.1.1
tijuana(config-router)#network 175.10.1.2
tijuana(config-router)#exit
tijuana(config)#exit
tijuana#
tijuana#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 172.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
C 175.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
D 193.168.70.0/24 [90/1628160] via 172.10.1.2, 00:00:24, Serial0
D 173.10.0.0/16 [90/1628160] via 172.10.1.2, 00:00:33, Serial0
D 195.168.70.0/24 [90/1628160] via 175.10.1.1, 00:00:28, Serial1
D 174.10.0.0/16 [90/1628160] via 175.10.1.1, 00:00:48, Serial1
D 194.168.70.0/24 [90/2455040] via 175.10.1.1, 00:00:14, Serial1

tijuana#show protocols
Global values:
Internet Protocol routing is enabled
Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 172.10.1.1/16
Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 175.10.1.2/16
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 192.168.70.1/24

tijuana#

OAXACA

Press Enter to Start

Router>
Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname oaxaca
oaxaca(config)#int e0
oaxaca(config-if)#ip address 193.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
oaxaca(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
oaxaca(config-if)#exit
oaxaca(config)#int s0
oaxaca(config-if)#ip address 172.10.1.2 255.255.0.0
oaxaca(config-if)#clock rate 64000
oaxaca(config-if)#bandwidth 64
oaxaca(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
oaxaca(config-if)#exit
oaxaca(config)#int s1
oaxaca(config-if)#ip address 173.10.1.1 255.255.0.0
oaxaca(config-if)#clock rate 64000
oaxaca(config-if)#bandwidth 64
oaxaca(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
oaxaca(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to up
oaxaca(config)#router eigrp 100
oaxaca(config-router)#network 193.168.70.1
oaxaca(config-router)#network 172.10.1.2
oaxaca(config-router)#network 173.10.1.1
oaxaca(config-router)#exit
oaxaca(config)#exit
oaxaca#
oaxaca#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set
C 193.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 172.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
C 173.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
D 192.168.70.0/24 [90/1628160] via 172.10.1.1, 00:00:27, Serial0
D 175.10.0.0/16 [90/1628160] via 172.10.1.1, 00:00:32, Serial0
D 194.168.70.0/24 [90/1628160] via 173.10.1.2, 00:00:17, Serial1
D 174.10.0.0/16 [90/1628160] via 173.10.1.2, 00:00:43, Serial1
D 195.168.70.0/24 [90/2455040] via 172.10.1.1, 00:00:51, Serial0

oaxaca#
oaxaca#show protocols
Global values:
Internet Protocol routing is enabled
Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 172.10.1.2/16
Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 173.10.1.1/16
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 193.168.70.1/24

oaxaca#

VERACRUZ

Press Enter to Start

Router>
Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname veracruz
veracruz(config)#int e0
veracruz(config-if)#ip address 194.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
veracruz(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
veracruz(config-if)#exit
veracruz(config)#int s0
veracruz(config-if)#ip address 174.10.1.1 255.255.0.0
veracruz(config-if)#clock rate 64000
veracruz(config-if)#bandwidth 64
veracruz(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
veracruz(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down
veracruz(config)#int s1
veracruz(config-if)#ip address 173.10.1.2 255.255.0.0
veracruz(config-if)#clock rate 64000
veracruz(config-if)#bandwidth 64
veracruz(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
veracruz(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up
veracruz(config)#
veracruz(config)#router eigrp 100
veracruz(config-router)#network 194.168.70.1
veracruz(config-router)#network 174.10.1.1
veracruz(config-router)#network 173.10.1.2
veracruz(config-router)#exit
veracruz(config)#exit
veracruz#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set
C 194.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 173.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
C 174.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
D 193.168.70.0/24 [90/1628160] via 173.10.1.1, 00:00:50, Serial1
D 172.10.0.0/16 [90/1628160] via 173.10.1.1, 00:00:52, Serial1
D 195.168.70.0/24 [90/1628160] via 174.10.1.2, 00:00:12, Serial0
D 175.10.0.0/16 [90/1628160] via 174.10.1.2, 00:00:30, Serial0
D 192.168.70.0/24 [90/2455040] via 174.10.1.2, 00:00:47, Serial0

veracruz#
veracruz#show protocols
Global values:
Internet Protocol routing is enabled
Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 174.10.1.1/16
Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 173.10.1.2/16
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 194.168.70.1/24

MONTERREY

Press Enter to Start

Router>
Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname monterrey
monterrey(config)#int e0
monterrey(config-if)#ip address 195.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
monterrey(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
monterrey(config-if)#exit
monterrey(config)#int s0
monterrey(config-if)#ip address 174.10.1.2 255.255.0.0
monterrey(config-if)#clock rate 64000
monterrey(config-if)#bandwidth 64
monterrey(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
monterrey(config-if)#exit
monterrey(config)#int s1
monterrey(config-if)#ip address 175.10.1.1 255.255.0.0
monterrey(config-if)#clcok rate 64000
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

monterrey(config-if)#clock rate 64000
monterrey(config-if)#bandwidth 64
monterrey(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
monterrey(config-if)#exit
monterrey(config)#router eigrp 100
monterrey(config-router)#network 195.168.70.1
monterrey(config-router)#network 174.10.1.2
monterrey(config-router)#network 175.10.1.1
monterrey(config-router)#exit
monterrey(config)#exit
monterrey#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set
C 195.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 174.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
C 175.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
D 194.168.70.0/24 [90/1628160] via 174.10.1.1, 00:00:30, Serial0
D 173.10.0.0/16 [90/1628160] via 174.10.1.1, 00:00:51, Serial0
D 193.168.70.0/24 [90/2455040] via 174.10.1.1, 00:00:21, Serial0
D 172.10.0.0/16 [90/2455040] via 174.10.1.1, 00:00:49, Serial0
D 192.168.70.0/24 [90/2455040] via 174.10.1.1, 00:00:28, Serial0

monterrey#show protocols
Global values:
Internet Protocol routing is enabled
Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 174.10.1.2/16
Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 175.10.1.1/16
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 195.168.70.1/24

monterrey#ping 192.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
monterrey#ping 192.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
monterrey#ping 194.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 194.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
monterrey#ping 193.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 193.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms

IGRP (Protocolo de Enrutamiento de Gateway Interior)

IGRP (Protocolo de Enrutamiento de Gateway Interior)

IGRP (Protocolo de Enrutamiento de Gateway Interior), desarrollado por Cisco System, es un protocolo de enrutamiento por vector de distancia que usa una métrica compuesta basada en diferentes variables de red, como ancho de banda, unidades máximas de transmisión (MTU), confiabilidad, etc. Envía actualizaciones de las tablas de enrutamiento cada 90 segundos.

Fue diseñado para corregir algunos de los defectos de RIP y para proporcionar un mejor soporte para redes grande con enlaces de diferentes anchos de banda.

IGRP es un protocolo de enrutamiento basado en vectores de distancia desarrollado por CISCO, sus ventajas son:

Escalabilidad mejorada: Enrutamiento en redes m疽 grandes, posee un n伹ero m痊imo predeterminado de 100 saltos, aunque puede ser configurado con hasta 255 saltos.

Métrica sofisticada: M騁rica compuesta que proporciona una mayor flexibilidad en la selección de rutas. Se usa el retraso de interconexión y el ancho de banda y se pueden incluir otros parámetros como la fiabilidad, la carga y la MTU.

Soporte de m伃tiples rutas: IGRP puede mantener hasta un máximo de seis rutas de coste diferente entre redes de origen y destino. Se pueden usar varias rutas para aumentar el ancho de banda disponible o para conseguir redundancia de rutas. IGRP permite actualizaciones desencadenadas.

Router(config)#router igrp 100
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 200.200.1.0
Router(config-router)#variance 2
<1-128> Metric variance multiplier
Router(config-router)#variance 2
Router(config-router)#traffic-share ?
balanced Share inversely proportional to metric
min All traffic shared among min metric paths

router igrp 100 especifica a IGRP como protocolo de enrutamiento para el sistema autónomo 100, este valor varia de 1 a 65535.

network específica las redes directamente conectadas al router que serán anunciadas por IGRP.

variance (opcional)configura el equilibrado de carga de coste desigual definiendo la diferencia entre la m騁rica tima y la peor m騁rica aceptable.

variance[multiplicador] (opcional)especifica el rango de valores de m騁rica que ser疣 aceptadas para el equilibrado de la carga.

traffic-share[balanced|min] (opcional)controla la forma en que debe distribuirse el trafico entre rutas de comparaci de carga IGRP.

Balanced = El trafico se distribuye proporcionalmente a las relaciones entre las distintas m騁ricas.

Min = Especifica que deben usarse las rutas de coste m匤imo.
A continuaci se copia un show ip protocols, observe el tiempo de actualizaci (90segundos), las constantes K1 y K3 ancho de banda y retaso usadas por defecto como m騁rica, la cantidad de saltos por defecto 100, y tres redes asociadas.

PRACTICA 5 PROTOCOLO IGRP

ROUTER TIJUANA

Press Enter to Start

Router>
Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname tijuana
tijuana(config)#int e0
tijuana(config-if)#ip address 192.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
tijuana(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
tijuana(config-if)#exit
tijuana(config)#int s0
tijuana(config-if)#ip address 172.10.1.1 255.255.0.0
tijuana(config-if)#clock rate 64000
tijuana(config-if)#bandwidth 64
tijuana(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
tijuana(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down
tijuana(config)#int s1
tijuana(config-if)#ip address 175.10.1.2 255.255.0.0
tijuana(config-if)#clock rate 64000
tijuana(config-if)#bandwith 64
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

tijuana(config-if)#bandwidth 64
tijuana(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
tijuana(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down
tijuana(config)#router igrp 100
tijuana(config-router)#network 192.168.70.1
tijuana(config-router)#network 172.10.1.1
tijuana(config-router)#network 175.10.1.2
tijuana(config-router)#variance 2
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

tijuana(config-router)#variance2
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

tijuana(config-router)#variance
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

tijuana(config-router)#variance 2
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

tijuana(config-router)#exit
tijuana(config)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to up
tijuana#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 172.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
I 193.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 172.10.1.2, 00:06:32, Serial0
I 173.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 172.10.1.2, 00:04:31, Serial0
C 175.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
I 195.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 175.10.1.1, 00:04:12, Serial1
I 174.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 175.10.1.1, 00:02:20, Serial1
I 194.168.70.0/24 [100/1040] via 175.10.1.1, 00:02:29, Serial1

tijuana#ping 194.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 194.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
tijuana#ping 195.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 195.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
tijuana#ping 193.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 193.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
tijuana#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "igrp 100"
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 48 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 100
Routing for Networks:
192.168.70.0
172.10.0.0
175.10.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
172.10.1.2 100 00:00:03
175.10.1.1 100 00:00:06
Distance: (default is 100)

ROUTER OAXACA

Press Enter to Start

Router>
Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname oaxaca
oaxaca(config)#int e0
oaxaca(config-if)#ip address 193.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
oaxaca(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
oaxaca(config-if)#exit
oaxaca(config)#int s0
oaxaca(config-if)#ip address 172.10.1.2 255.255.0.0
oaxaca(config-if)#clock rate 64000
oaxaca(config-if)#bandwidth 64
oaxaca(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
oaxaca(config-if)#exit
oaxaca(config)#int s1
oaxaca(config-if)#ip address 173.10.1.1 255.255.0.0
oaxaca(config-if)#clock rate 64000
oaxaca(config-if)#bandwidth 64
oaxaca(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
oaxaca(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down
oaxaca(config)#router igrp 100
oaxaca(config-router)#network 193.168.70.1
oaxaca(config-router)#network 172.10.1.2
oaxaca(config-router)#network 173.10.1.1
oaxaca(config-router)#variance 2
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

oaxaca(config-router)#exit
oaxaca(config)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to up
oaxaca#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set
C 193.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 172.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
I 192.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 172.10.1.1, 00:02:41, Serial0
C 173.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
I 194.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 173.10.1.2, 00:01:42, Serial1
I 174.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 173.10.1.2, 00:04:41, Serial1
I 175.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 172.10.1.1, 00:05:15, Serial0
I 195.168.70.0/24 [100/1040] via 173.10.1.2, 00:02:23, Serial1

oaxaca#ping 195.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 195.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
oaxaca#ping 194.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 194.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
oaxaca#ping 192.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
oaxaca#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "igrp 100"
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 29 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 100
Routing for Networks:
193.168.70.0
172.10.0.0
173.10.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
172.10.1.1 100 00:00:00
173.10.1.2 100 00:00:00
Distance: (default is 100)

oaxaca#

ROUTER VERACRUZ

Press Enter to Start

Router>
Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname veracruz
veracruz(config)#int e0
veracruz(config-if)#ip address 194.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
veracruz(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
veracruz(config-if)#exit
veracruz(config)#int s0
veracruz(config-if)#ip address 174.10.1.1 255.255.0.0
veracruz(config-if)#clock rate 64000
veracruz(config-if)#bandwidth 64
veracruz(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
veracruz(config-if)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down
veracruz(config)#int s1
veracruz(config-if)#ip address 173.10.1.2 255.255.0.0
veracruz(config-if)#clock rate 64000
veracruz(config-if)#bandwidth 64
veracruz(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
veracruz(config-if)#exit
veracruz(config)#exit
veracruz#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
veracruz(config)#router igrp 100
veracruz(config-router)#network 194.168.70.1
veracruz(config-router)#network 174.10.1.1
veracruz(config-router)#network 173.10.1.2
veracruz(config-router)#exit
veracruz(config)#exit
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up
veracruz#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set
C 194.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 173.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
I 193.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 173.10.1.1, 00:02:38, Serial1
I 172.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 173.10.1.1, 00:08:20, Serial1
C 174.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
I 195.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 174.10.1.2, 00:03:30, Serial0
I 175.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 174.10.1.2, 00:09:41, Serial0
I 192.168.70.0/24 [100/1040] via 174.10.1.2, 00:07:13, Serial0

veracruz#ping 192.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
veracruz#ping 193.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 193.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
veracruz#ping 195.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 195.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
veracruz#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "igrp 100"
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 66 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 100
Routing for Networks:
194.168.70.0
174.10.0.0
173.10.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
173.10.1.1 100 00:00:03
174.10.1.2 100 00:00:03
Distance: (default is 100)

veracruz#

ROUTER MONTERREY

Press Enter to Start

Router>
Router>enable
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname monterrey
monterrey(config)#int e0
monterrey(config-if)#ip address 195.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
monterrey(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
monterrey(config-if)#exit
monterrey(config)#int s0
monterrey(config-if)#ip address 174.10.1.2 255.255.0.0
monterrey(config-if)#clock rate 64000
monterrey(config-if)#bandwidth 64
monterrey(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
monterrey(config-if)#exit
monterrey(config)#int s1
monterrey(config-if)#ip address 175.10.1.1 255.255.0.0
monterrey(config-if)#clock rate 64000
monterrey(config-if)#bandwidth 64
monterrey(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up
monterrey(config-if)#exit
monterrey(config)#router igrp 100
monterrey(config-router)#network 195.168.70.1
monterrey(config-router)#network 174.10.1.2
monterrey(config-router)#netwrok 175.10.1.1
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

monterrey(config-router)#network 175.10.1.1
monterrey(config-router)#exit
monterrey(config)#exit
monterrey#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set
C 195.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 174.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0
C 175.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1
I 194.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 174.10.1.1, 00:02:22, Serial0
I 173.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 174.10.1.1, 00:04:25, Serial0
I 192.168.70.0/24 [100/651] via 175.10.1.2, 00:03:43, Serial1
I 172.10.0.0/16 [100/651] via 175.10.1.2, 00:05:20, Serial1
I 193.168.70.0/24 [100/1081] via 175.10.1.2, 00:03:36, Serial1

monterrey#ping 192.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
monterrey#ping 193.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 193.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
monterrey#ping 194.168.70.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 194.168.70.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
monterrey#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "igrp 100"
Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 11 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: igrp 100
Routing for Networks:
195.168.70.0
174.10.0.0
175.10.0.0
Routing Information Sources:
174.10.1.1 100 00:00:06
175.10.1.2 100 00:00:06
Distance: (default is 100)

monterrey#

viernes, 22 de octubre de 2010

Mejorar ancho de banda del XP Professional

Windows XP se reserva el 20% del ancho de banda disponible, con el fin de ejecutar aplicaciones especiales. La “retención” se produce mediante el denominado el programador de paquetes QoS (Quality of Service – Calidad del Servicio), encargado de la optimización de redes locales.
Sin embargo, para los usuarios privados, que sólo tienen un PC en casa, QoS no es una función necesaria; sino todo lo contrario. Windows XP reserva el 20% del ancho de banda aunque el usuario cancele la función QoS. También se puede optar por desintalar el Programador de paquetes QoS si no tenemos ninguna Red Local.
1) Entrar como administrador.
2) Inicio, ejecutar, escribid: gpedit.msc
3) Aparecen las directivas de grupo, id a Configuración de Equipo.
4) Plantillas Administrativas
5) Red (Network)
6) Programador de Paquetes Qos
7) Doble click en Limitar el ancho de banda reservado
8) Habilitarlo y poner el 0% en Límite de Ancho de Banda.
9) Aplicar y Aceptar
10) Id a propiedades red y comprobad que está marcado el Programador de Paquetes Qos.

Mejorar las transferencias en red de archivos

Windows normalmente limitará la cantidad de memoria RAM que el sistema podrá utilizar para las operaciones de entrada y salida de datos en conexiones de red, algo que podemos modificar mediante la edición del registro
La utilidad de este ajuste cuestionable para usuarios que no tengan instalado en el sistema algún tipo de servidor, ya que básicamente este ajuste mejora el rendimiento de entrada/ salida del ordenador cuando se están realizando una cantidad grande de transferencias de archivos y operaciones similares. Este ajuste no hará mucho en sistemas que no tengan grandes cantidades de memoria, pero sistemas con más de 256 Mb de RAM generalmente encontrarán una mejora en el rendimiento estableciendo este valor entre 16 y 32 Mb. El valor por defecto es 0.5Mb (512Kb). Para modificar el ajuste automático de esta configuración, iniciaremos la herramienta de edición del registro de sistema, con el comando “regedit.exe” en el menú Inicio/Ejecutar. Localizaremos la clave HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management y crearemos o modificaremos el valor DWORD de nombre “IoPageLockLimit” (sin las comillas) con un número, cuyo valor será equivalente al máximo de bytes que se utilizarán para las operaciones de entrada y salida, de forma que tendremos que multiplicar el número de megabytes x 1024 x 1024
NOTA: Modificar este ajuste puede causar problemas de estabilidad con dispositivos de sistema, como problemas relacionados con OpenGL o SCSI, en cuyo caso volveremos al ajuste predeterminado.

Acelerar apagado del XP

Editor de registro. Para ello pinchamos en INICIO -> Ejecutar: "regedit" (sin comillas) y le damos a enter. Entramos luego hasta el nivel HKEY_CURRENT_USER -> Control Panel -> Desktop y localizamos allí la clave "WaitToKillAppTimeout" y hacemos doble clic sobre ella. A continuación cambiamos el valor de 20.000 (que ya trae por defecto) por el de 4.000. Ahora, y sin salir del editor, accedemos a HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE -> System -> Current Control -> Control, para localizar de nuevo la clave "WaitToKillAppTimeout" y repitiendo la misma operación de antes cambiamos el valor de 20.000 a 4.000.

martes, 19 de octubre de 2010

TIPO DE FORMATEO DE DISCOS DUROS

Hay dos formas para formatear el disco duro. Una es haciendo un formateo a bajo nivel y la otra a alto nivel.

Bajo Nivel: Consiste en colocar marcas en la superficie magnética para dividirlo en sectores físicos, los cuales pueden ser luego referenciados indicando la cabeza lectora, el sector y cilindro que se desea leer. Reescribe la geometría del disco duro, el MBR y define el tamaño de los sectores de acuerdo a la densidad del disco duro. Este proceso puede tardar muchas horas dependiendo de la densidad del disco. Aunque cuando sale de fábrica viene ya formateado a bajo nivel, hay que darle de nuevo un formateo al tener que crear un sistema de archivos.

Este sistema de formateo es un poco peligroso ya que podemos “estropear” el disco duro si mediante el proceso se detiene o si no se utiliza una herramienta adecuada. Para ello, muchos fabricantes dejan a nuestra disponibilidad en su web, su herramienta para este tipo de proceso. Además, es muy importante saber que al realizar un formateo a bajo nivel, toda la información que había en el disco duro ha sido borrada totalmente, sin recuperación alguna.

También, con este formateo puedes llegar a “reparar” el disco duro si tenía sectores defectuosos.

Alto Nivel: Con este sistema no se llegan a perder los datos que hay almacenados en el disco duro, lo que realmente hace es borrar las tablas de partición que albergan la información de cómo y dónde se encuentran los datos en el disco duro. Concretamente es el índice maestro de arranque (MBR) que es un sector del disco que inicia en 001.

Hay dos formas de hacerlo, de forma rápida o completa. Tanto uno como el otro hacen lo descrito anteriormente, borra la tabla de partición, pero la diferencia es que el completo, además de borrar la tabla, examina todos los sectores del disco duro en busca de errores.

domingo, 17 de octubre de 2010

PRACTICA 4 PROTOCOLO RIP

PRACTICA 4 INTERCONEXION DE REDES BOSON NETSIM v5.27

Esta practica se trata de una simulación de una red con las herramientas Boson NetSim v5.27. En este software simularemos una red que consta de 4 routers (modelo 2505) A cada uno de los routers secundarios se le ha conectado un SWITCH (modelo 1912) de los que colgarán los terminales. y 4 computadoras.

ROUTER1

Press Enter to Start

Router>

Router>enable

Router#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname router1

router1(config)#enable password ortigoza

router1(config)#exit

Con enable entramos a modo de configuracion. Config T nos permite introducir comandos de configuración, tales como hostname (nombre del router), o enable password ortigoza que hace que la contraseña para configurarlos sea a partir de este momento, ortigoza.

Los routers están conectados entre si por los interfaces. estos son Serial 0 y Serial 1 para conectar routers entre sí (s1 con s1 no es posible conectarse, ya que uno debe ser el DCE y el otro es el DTE), y los Ethernet 0 que son los que se encargarán de conectarse a los switches.

router1#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

router1(config)#int s0

router1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.0.0

router1(config-if)#clock rate 64000

router1(config-if)#bandwidth 64

router1(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up

router1(config-if)#exit

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down

router1(config)#int e0

router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.70.0 255.255.255.0

router1(config-if)#clock rate 64

router1(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up

router1(config-if)#exit

CONFIGURACIÓN DEL PROTOCOLO RIP.

El protocolo RIP se utiliza en los routers para que éstos conozcan las redes vecinas, y puedan enrutar los paquetes hacia su destino.

router1(config)#router rip

router1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.1

router1(config-router)#network 192.168.70.0

router1(config-router)#exit

router1(config)#exit

router1#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up

router1#

router1#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0

R 193.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.1.2, 00:03:37, Serial0

R 173.16.0.0/16 [120/1] via 172.16.1.2, 00:08:27, Serial0

R 194.168.70.0/24 [120/2] via 172.16.1.2, 00:06:27, Serial0

R 174.16.0.0/16 [120/2] via 172.16.1.2, 00:02:32, Serial0

R 195.168.70.0/24 [120/3] via 172.16.1.2, 00:06:14, Serial0

router1#

router1#show interfaces

Serial0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is HD64570

Internet address is 172.16.1.1/16

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

0 input packets with dribble condition detected

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

Serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down

Hardware is HD64570

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

router1#

ROUTER2

Press Enter to Start

Router>

Router>enable

Router#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname router2

router2(config)#enable password ortigoza

router2(config)#exit

router2#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

router2(config)#int s1

router2(config-if)#ip address 173.16.1.1 255.255.0.0

router2(config-if)#clock rate 64000

router2(config-if)#bandwidth 64

router2(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up

router2(config-if)#exit

router2(config)#exit

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down

router2#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

router2(config)#int e0

router2(config-if)#ip address 193.168.70.0 255.255.255.0

router2(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up

router2(config-if)#exit

router2(config)#int s0

router2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.0.0

router2(config-if)#clock rate 64000

router2(config-if)#bandwidth 64

router2(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up

router2(config-if)#exit

router2(config)#exit

router2#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

router2(config)#router rip

router2(config-router)#network 173.16.1.1

router2(config-router)#network 193.168.70.0

router2(config-router)#network 172.16.1.2

router2(config-router)#exit

router2(config)#exit

router2#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 193.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to up

router2#

router2#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 193.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0

R 192.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.1.1, 00:01:21, Serial0

C 173.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1

R 194.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 173.16.1.2, 00:01:28, Serial1

R 174.16.0.0/16 [120/1] via 173.16.1.2, 00:09:35, Serial1

R 195.168.70.0/24 [120/2] via 173.16.1.2, 00:06:21, Serial1

router2#

router2#show interfaces

Serial0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is HD64570

Internet address is 172.16.1.2/16

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

0 input packets with dribble condition detected

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

Serial1 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is HD64570

Internet address is 173.16.1.1/16

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

0 input packets with dribble condition detected

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is Lance, address is 000C.3888.6889 (bia 000C.3888.6889)

Internet address is 193.168.70.0/24

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00

Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

router2#

ROUTER3

Press Enter to Start

Router>

Router>enable

Router#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname router3

router3(config)#enable password ortigoza

router3(config)#exit

router3#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

router3(config)#int s1

router3(config-if)#ip address 173.16.1.2 255.255.0.0

router3(config-if)#clock rate 64000

router3(config-if)#bandwidth 64

router3(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up

router3(config-if)#exit

router3(config)#int e0

router3(config-if)#ip address 194.168.70.0 255.255.255.0

router3(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up

router3(config-if)#exit

router3(config)#int s0

router3(config-if)#ip address 174.16.1.2 255.255.0.0

router3(config-if)#clock rate 64000

router3(config-if)#bandwidth 64

router3(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up

router3(config-if)#exit

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down

router3(config)#router rip

router3(config-router)#network 173.16.1.2

router3(config-router)#network 194.168.70.0

router3(config-router)#network 174.16.1.2

router3(config-router)#exit

router3(config)#exit

router3#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 173.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1

C 194.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

R 193.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 173.16.1.1, 00:03:18, Serial1

R 172.16.0.0/16 [120/1] via 173.16.1.1, 00:09:23, Serial1

R 192.168.70.0/24 [120/2] via 173.16.1.1, 00:09:38, Serial1

router3#ip address 174.16.1.1

% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up

router3#

router3#show interfaces

Serial0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is HD64570

Internet address is 174.16.1.2/16

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

0 input packets with dribble condition detected

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

Serial1 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is HD64570

Internet address is 173.16.1.2/16

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

0 input packets with dribble condition detected

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is Lance, address is 000C.7771.8658 (bia 000C.7771.8658)

Internet address is 194.168.70.0/24

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00

Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

0 input packets with dribble condition detected

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

router3#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

router3(config)#int s1

router3(config-if)#clock rate 64000

router3(config-if)#bandwidth 64

router3(config-if)#no shut

router3(config-if)#exit

router3(config)#exit

router3#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 173.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial1

C 194.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

R 193.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 173.16.1.1, 00:04:15, Serial1

R 172.16.0.0/16 [120/1] via 173.16.1.1, 00:05:36, Serial1

R 192.168.70.0/24 [120/2] via 173.16.1.1, 00:09:16, Serial1

C 174.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0

R 195.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 174.16.1.1, 00:05:32, Serial0

router3#

ROUTER4

Press Enter to Start

Router>

Router>enable password

% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

Router>enable

Router#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname router4

router4(config)#enable password ortigoza

router4(config)#exit

router4#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

router4(config)#int s0

router4(config-if)#

router4(config-if)#ip address 174.16.1.1 255.255.0.0

router4(config-if)#bandwidth 64

router4(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up

router4(config-if)#exit

router4(config)#int e0

router4(config-if)#ip address 195.168.70.0 255.255.255.0

router4(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up

router4(config-if)#exit

router4(config)#router rip

router4(config-router)#network 174.16.1.1

router4(config-router)#network 195.168.70.0

router4(config-router)#exit

router4(config)#exit

router4#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 174.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0

C 195.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

router4#show interfaces

Serial0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is HD64570

Internet address is 174.16.1.1/16

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

0 input packets with dribble condition detected

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

Serial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down

Hardware is HD64570

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

0 input packets with dribble condition detected

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is Lance, address is 000C.3836.8471 (bia 000C.3836.8471)

Internet address is 195.168.70.0/24

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00

Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 2 packets/sec

0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

0 input packets with dribble condition detected

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets

0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

router4#

router4#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 174.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0

C 195.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

R 173.16.0.0/16 [120/1] via 174.16.1.2, 00:08:31, Serial0

R 194.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 174.16.1.2, 00:09:17, Serial0

R 193.168.70.0/24 [120/2] via 174.16.1.2, 00:08:15, Serial0

R 172.16.0.0/16 [120/2] via 174.16.1.2, 00:09:24, Serial0

R 192.168.70.0/24 [120/3] via 174.16.1.2, 00:04:37, Serial0

router4#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

router4(config)#int s1

router4(config-if)#ip address 173.16.1.2 255.255.0.0

router4(config-if)#bandwidth 64

router4(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to up

router4(config-if)#exit

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down

router4(config)#exir

% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

router4(config)#exit

router4#

router4#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 174.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0

C 195.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

R 173.16.0.0/16 [120/1] via 174.16.1.2, 00:09:32, Serial0

R 194.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 174.16.1.2, 00:04:16, Serial0

R 193.168.70.0/24 [120/2] via 174.16.1.2, 00:08:31, Serial0

R 172.16.0.0/16 [120/2] via 174.16.1.2, 00:07:38, Serial0

R 192.168.70.0/24 [120/3] via 174.16.1.2, 00:08:41, Serial0

router4#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

router4(config)#int s1

router4(config-if)#no shut

router4(config-if)#exit

router4(config)#exit

router4#exit

Router con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.

router4>

router4>enable

Enter password:

router4#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

router4(config)#router rip

router4(config-router)#network 172.16.1.2

router4(config-router)#exit

router4(config)#exit

router4#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

router4(config)#router rip

router4(config-router)#network 173.16.1.2

router4(config-router)#network 195.168.70.0

router4(config-router)#network 174.16.1.1

router4(config-router)#exit

router4(config)#exit

router4#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 174.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0

C 195.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

R 173.16.0.0/16 [120/1] via 174.16.1.2, 00:01:16, Serial0

R 194.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 174.16.1.2, 00:05:32, Serial0

R 193.168.70.0/24 [120/2] via 174.16.1.2, 00:09:28, Serial0

R 172.16.0.0/16 [120/2] via 174.16.1.2, 00:01:15, Serial0

R 192.168.70.0/24 [120/3] via 174.16.1.2, 00:09:13, Serial0

router4#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

router4(config)#int s1

router4(config-if)#bandwidth 64

router4(config-if)#no shut

router4(config-if)#exit

router4(config)#exit

router4#

PRUEBA DE CONEXIONES

PING DESDE ROUTER 1

router1#ping 192.168.70.0